João Tovar Jalles

Structural Tax Reforms and Public Spending Efficiency

[Recurso eletrónico] “We empirically assess the effects of structural tax reforms on government spending efficiency in a sample of 18 OECD economies over the period 2006–2017. After calculating input spending efficiency scores, we evaluate in a panel setup the relevance for public sector efficiency of narrative tax changes. We find that: i) input efficiency scores average around 0.6–07; ii) increases in tax rates, primarily for PIT, negatively affect public sector efficiency; iii) controlling for endogeneity, increases in tax rates are still associated with lower public sector efficiency, mainly for PIT and increases in tax bases improve public sector efficiency; vi) in expansionary periods, increasing the CIT base and reducing PIT rates, positively affect public sector efficiency; ix) in contrast, during recessions efficiency improves when PIT and VAT bases increase and the CIT rate increases.” (Retirado do Abstract de Afonso, António; Jalles, João Tovar; Venâncio, Ana (Novembro 2021). “Structural Tax Reforms and Public Spending Efficiency”. Open Econ Rev 32, 1017–1061.

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Drivers of the Tax Effort: Evidence from a Large Panel

[Recurso eletrónico] “This paper extends previous literature by assessing the drivers of tax effort in a large panel of 122 countries over the period 1980 to 2017 and refining the analysis to regions, periods, income group, and economic development level. Our focus is on five blocks of determinants, namely: economic, fiscal, openness, structural, and political. We find that tax effort is influenced by all blocks, although results differ per income group. Tax effort in advanced economies is driven by all blocks of drivers, except political variables, while openness, structural, and political blocks prevail in developing economies.There is no consistency regarding the determinants across the four regions (Latin America, Africa, Europe and Asia). We also find that during the first two decades under analysis, tax effort is mainly associated with both higher levels of countries’ tax revenues and the role of the agricultural sector in the economy, while from 1999 onwards the determinants are mainly driven by left-wing ruling governments and the economic and fiscal blocks of variables. Our results are robust for a battery of sensitivity and robustness tests. Taken all together, our findings suggest the existence of heterogeneous impacts, which implies that policies resulting in improvements in the level of tax effort can affect countries in different ways.”
[Retirado do Abstract de Barros, Victor; Jalles, João Tovar; Sarmento, Joaquim Miranda (Março 2021). “Drivers of the Tax Effort: Evidence from a Large Panel”. REM – Research in Economics and Mathematics. Lisboa.]

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Concatedral de Miranda do Douro

A Catedral de Miranda do Douro surge no decurso da criação da Diocese em Miranda do Douro e respetiva elevação da vila a cidade no ano de 1545. O projeto insere-se na tipologia de Sés mandadas construir por D. João III, cujo investimento se reflete na escala da edificação, que se destaca entre a restante malha urbana. Com traça de Gonçalo de Torralva e Miguel de Arruda, as obras tiveram início em 1552. Deste período chegou ao presente o corpo da igreja, pelo que a fachada que hoje observamos resulta de uma campanha construtiva posterior. Classificada como Monumento Nacional desde 1910, é o símbolo maior de Miranda do Douro.